Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that examines the rectum and the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon). It is performed using a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera and light, known as a sigmoidoscope, to visualise the colon lining and identify abnormalities.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualisation of the rectum and sigmoid colon. It can detect and evaluate issues such as inflammation, bleeding, polyps, and tumours. The procedure can also facilitate minor treatments, such as removing polyps or collecting tissue samples (biopsies).
Why Do You Do This Procedure?
This procedure is performed to:
- Diagnose conditions causing gastrointestinal symptoms such as rectal bleeding, diarrhoea, or abdominal pain.
- Screen for colorectal cancer or polyps in individuals at average or moderate risk.
- Monitor known conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or a history of colorectal polyps.
- Perform therapeutic interventions like removing small polyps or managing bleeding.
When Does This Procedure Happen?
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is typically done:
- As part of a screening programme for colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50 or older or those with a family history of colorectal conditions.
- Following the onset of symptoms such as unexplained rectal bleeding, persistent changes in bowel habits, or unexplained abdominal pain.
- Periodically in patients with chronic conditions, such as ulcerative colitis, to assess disease progression or remission.
What Condition Does This Treat?
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is used to diagnose, monitor, or treat:
- Colorectal cancer: Screening for early detection of tumours.
- Polyps: Identifying and removing precancerous growths.
- Inflammatory bowel diseases: Such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, to assess inflammation and response to treatment.
- Diverticulosis or diverticulitis: Evaluating the colon lining for complications.
- Rectal bleeding: Identifying sources of bleeding, such as haemorrhoids, polyps, or ulcers.
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